Inflammation is an orderly process that develops in vascularized tissue. under the influence of a damaging factor . Inflammation can be caused by chemical, physical, and biological factors (infection by pathogenic microorganisms) - usually exogenous or endogenous factors. The purpose of inflammation is to protect the body. Therefore, the inflammatory process must remove the pathogen and allow the tissue to return to its physiological state. However, in most older people, the transition to chronic inflammation may be one of the risk factors for higher mortality.
Stages of the inflammatory reaction
When the pathogen overcomes external obstacles, inflammation begins. These are activated mast cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages that phagocytize and release inflammatory response mediators. These substances cause local vasodilation and the appearance of adhesive particles (adhesins) on venous endothelial cells (lymphocytes pass through the high endothelium of peripheral lymphatic vessels; all leukocytes can pass through veins beyond the hairline of non-lymphatic organs). This leads to migration of white blood cells. These neutrophils carry out further phagocytosis and are then phagocytized by macrophages. Fragments of damaged tissue and dead white blood cells form pus . Incoming NK cells destroy pathogens and infected cells of the body and secrete interferon, which leads to the activation of macrophages, antigen presentation, and activation of specific immune mechanisms caused by Th1 lymphocytes.
Migration of leukocytes to the inflammatory site
Each inflammatory reaction takes place in several stages, which are usually the same, and due to some differences, the effects observed may be completely different. These differences mainly relate to a set of proteins that play a fundamental role at each stage. We are dealing with specific families of proteins, whose representatives may differ from each other in rather subtle details, but they have a significant impact on the whole. In general, the following stages can be distinguished in the influx of leukocytes, which are presented in more detail below:
marginalization, which usually does not stand out at all because it depends only on the physical properties of the blood
. rolling is a process independent of choice
. activation, in which cytokines play a major role, especially a large group of them called chemokines
. tight adhesion, mainly dependent on a group of proteins called integrins
. diapedesis, that is, the process of leukocytes passing through endothelial barrier and tissue to the location of the antigen Pour profiter pleinement des événements sportifs, le choix d’une bonne adresse est déterminant. Au cœur de l’offre la plus intéressante se trouve un
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